Newer Treatments For Schizophrenia Symptom Management

Newer treatments for schizophrenia symptom management focus on both the DA and the 5-HT systems in an attempt to alleviate positive, negative and cognitive symptoms (Leucht et al., 2009; Leucht, Wahlbeck, Hamann, Kissling, 2003). The 5-HT hypothesis of schizophrenia arose from toxicologic explanations of mental illness that were popular in the 1950s (Osmond, 1958). Toxicologic explanations received their inspiration from the observation that exogenous substances could produce effects that resemble certain signs and symptoms of mental illness, such as hallucinations (Osmond, 1958). The 5-HT hypothesis arose based on the observation that hallucinogenic-effects, such as those seen with LSD administration, are mediated by 5-HT agonism, and hence, schizophrenia symptoms likely arise from a similar mechanism (Baumeister Hawkins, 2004). However, in the 1970s, the 5-HT hypothesis of schizophrenia was almost completely replaced by the DA hypothesis, only making a comeback later with the proven effectiveness of the atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine (Baumeister Hawkins, 2004). While the main action of typical antipsychotics is on the D2 receptor, atypical antipsychotics show enhanced activity at 5-HT receptors with a low affinity for D2 receptors (Divac et al., 2014). Atypical antipsychotics are more effective in reducing cognitive and negative symptoms and result in fewer EPS than the typical antipsychotics (Davis, Chen, Glick, 2003). The high binding affinityShow MoreRelatedSchizophreni A Severe Brain Disorder1133 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia is a severe brain disorder that affects the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional parts of the brain. The symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and cationic behavior, and negative symptoms. The DSM-5 states that symptoms delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech must be present for at least one month in order for one to be diagnosed with schizophrenia. Also, the DSM-5 mentions that the symptoms have to be ongoing for at least six months to be schizophrenicRead MoreThe Wide spread Impacts of Schizophrenia 964 Words   |  4 Pages Schizophrenia is a disease that alters the brain and is believed to be a mental disorder. It is also a severe psychological disorder that touches every aspect of a person life. It is characterized by disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity and mood swings as well as withdrawals and absorption in daydreams or fantasy. Schizophrenia was traced all the way back to Egypt, as far back as the second millennium Emile Kraepelin a German doctor discovered the diseaseRead MoreSymptoms, And Treatment Of Schizophrenia1413 Words   |  6 PagesOverview, Symptoms, and Treatment for Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is affecting people’s lives every day. There isn’t a cure for this disorder and it is lifelong. Schizophrenia can affect a person’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. People with this disorder can have a hard time figuring out what is real and what isn’t real. A common side effect to schizophrenia is hallucinations and delusions. Another common side effect is social withdrawal, which means that they avoid socialRead More Schizophrenia Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesSchizophrenia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schizophrenia is an extremely puzzling condition, the most chronic and disabling of the major mental illnesses. Approximately one percent of the population develops schizophrenia during their lives. With the sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms, the individual is said to be experiencing acute schizophrenia. Psychotic means out of touch with reality, or unable to separate real from unreal experiences. Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by loss of touch with realityRead MoreSchizophrenia And The World Health Organization Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pages Schizophrenia is perhaps the least understood and most frightening of the mental disorders. One percent of the world population is affected by it and the World Health Organisation has ranked it as the seventh greatest cause of disability worldwide (Frangou, 2008). On average it takes one to one and half decades off the sufferers life and is a greater cause of mortality than many cancers and physical illnesses (van Os Kapur, 2009). This paper will present an out of hospital case study and compareRead MoreHow Schizophrenia Affects The Lifespan1595 Words   |  7 PagesHow Schizophrenia affects the Lifespan 3 How Schizophrenia affects the Lifespan Schizophrenia is a mental illness that inhibits a person’s ability to think clearly, manage their emotions, make their own decisions, and associate with others. It is a complicated, long term illness that affects one percent of Americans. Even though Schizophrenia can occur at any age, it is more common forRead MoreJohn Forbes Nash, Jr.1739 Words   |  7 Pagesdisplayed some symptoms of Paranoid Schizophrenia. He suffered from hallucinations and delusions. Once he said that he has encrypted messages from outer space. People thought it was a joke, but they didn t know that he was suffering from Schizophrenia. After his illness, he resigned from MIT and went to Europe. When he came back, he mostly hanged around Princeton campus and wrote about himself in a third person and wrote nonsensical cards to his friends. When his wife knew about his symptoms, she tookRead MoreModern Medicine, Traditional Medicine And Complementary And / Or Alternative Medicine1517 Words   |  7 Pag es`Mental health has three types of treatments. Western Scientific Medicine, Traditional Medicine and Complementary and/or Alternative Medicine. Western Scientific Medicine Definition: A system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery. Also allopathic medicine, biomedicine, conventional medicine, mainstream medicine, and orthodox medicine. Traditional Medicine Definition:Read MoreUnderstanding Schizophrenia Essay examples1617 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding Schizophrenia When a person hears the word crazy, their first thoughts are probably of symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is seen as the ideal case of insanity. The causes of this disease remain unknown, but scientists are constantly searching for answers. Although a cure for schizophrenia is surely far in the future, research and understanding is making more and more progress every day. To find a cure for schizophrenia, scientists must first understand the disease itselfRead MoreCost Proposed By Mangalore And Knapp1191 Words   |  5 Pages In the standpoint of economic consequences, costs incurred by schizophrenia are all tunnelled down to society and public sector. Cost proposed by Mangalore and Knapp (2007) was  £6.7billion in 2004/05 where society and public bear 4.7million and 2million respectively. With respect to this, follow up estimation in 2010 from LSE showed a rough 3-fold increase with  £11.8 billion of societal cost and  £7.2 billion on public sector. This study might have a more realistic outlook with additional inclusion